Media coverage of international conflicts does not merely inform; it also shapes perceptions and can reinforce strategic narratives, requiring a high level of media literacy. In this context, media literacy becomes an essential competence, allowing audiences to critically interpret discourse, identify framing, and resist informational manipulation.

Amid fears over the consequences of maritime route closures, rising energy costs, and disruptions to supply chains, Gulf sovereign wealth funds are emerging as a key tool to contain and absorb the shock, benefiting from decades of massive financial accumulation. The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) manage sovereign assets estimated at US$6 trillion, mainly derived from surplus oil revenues.

Strait of Hormuz. The Strait of Hormuz Conflict Directly Impacts the Global Economy—Especially China

The political landscape of the United States during the second administration of Donald Trump reveals a context of growing tension between foreign policy and domestic dynamics, marked by the overlap of institutional crises, intra-elite fragmentation, and challenges to governmental legitimacy. Far from representing an isolated episode, this scenario is embedded in a broader process of transformation in American politics, in which the erosion of traditional consensuses