The escalation of tensions in the Middle East has once again brought to light a reality that is often overlooked in simplified narratives about international politics: the global system functions less like a tribunal and more like a permanent arena of competition among interests, capabilities, and the structural limits of power. The recent increase in the intensity of the conflict in the region already involves, directly or indirectly, more than eleven countries, transforming

With the recent passing of Pope Francis, the Catholic Church enters a historical turning point. As the leader of more than one billion faithful around the world, Francis marked his papacy with a notably progressive stance on issues that, for centuries, had been met with silence or denial by the ecclesiastical hierarchy. His death not only closes an era but also opens a period of uncertainty and internal disputes about the direction the Church will take