The return of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to the presidency of the Republic in 2023 represented not only an internal political shift but also an attempt to rebuild Brazil’s international insertion. After a period marked by diplomatic strain, environmental tensions, and the weakening of Brazilian multilateralism, the new government once again began advocating for a more active role in international debates on climate, development, global governance, and South–South cooperation.

Due the war in Iran Brazil has been developing initiatives aimed at increasing its national energy autonomy. Projects to expand refining capacity—such as the enlargement of the Abreu e Lima Refinery—seek to increase domestic diesel production, aiming to reduce national vulnerability to potential international crises related to the oil market.

The triple agenda in Asia and the Middle East signals precisely that Brazil does not seek to replace one pole with another, but rather to reduce the excessive concentration of its international insertion in a few partners, expanding its diplomatic, commercial, and technological room for maneuver. This is a common feature of the Lula administration’s foreign policy. Diversification, in this sense, is the formula to mitigate systemic risks