The war in the Middle East is occurring at a decisive moment, when the European Union faces growing internal criticism of its climate policies. This is reflected in calls from national governments and industry leaders to increase pressure on Europe’s emissions trading system, or even to reduce carbon emission targets for new vehicles. Thus, the rise in oil and gas prices since the beginning of the war against Iran on February 28, 2026 represents a significant risk to the prog

Long regarded as the economic engine of Europe, the German model of the social market economy has been undergoing a phase of profound transformation since the early 2020s. The combination of a major energy shock, a rapid increase in interest rates, a slowdown in global trade, and Europe’s ecological transition is placing significant pressure on Germany’s industrial fabric.

For decades, the two countries were perceived as complementary pillars of the pro-Western Sunni bloc in the Gulf. However, in recent years this relationship has gradually evolved from a strategic alliance into a discreet but growing geopolitical competition centered on the control of trade routes, strategic ports, and zones of political influence in the Middle East and the Horn of Africa.

The escalation of tensions in the Middle East has once again brought to light a reality that is often overlooked in simplified narratives about international politics: the global system functions less like a tribunal and more like a permanent arena of competition among interests, capabilities, and the structural limits of power. The recent increase in the intensity of the conflict in the region already involves, directly or indirectly, more than eleven countries, transforming