A few years ago, despite the region’s typical geopolitical uncertainties, the Gulf seemed to be merely a narrow passage between two powers, paying the price for alliances forged over decades and discovering that geography, when lent to wars, does not belong solely to its people.

On June 22, 2025, the United States, under the leadership of Donald Trump, launched direct attacks on three major Iranian nuclear facilities — Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan. The American president described the offensive as a "spectacular success," claiming that the targets were “completely obliterated.” This action represents a critical escalation in the war between Israel and Iran, marking the direct entry of the U.S. into the conflict, and reignites deep questions about the

While rockets fall on Israel and Iran, we now see American bombs targeting the ayatollahs' regime. Meanwhile, Trump gives a speech of false conciliation, hoping the Iranian regime will completely surrender. That will not happen. For the leaders of Iran, Hamas, Israel, and the White House, war is both the beginning and the end of dialogue.

The changes in the geopolitics of the African continent, with several countries distancing themselves from their former economic partners...

The Oriental Contribution to Western Development