The unpredictability of Trumpist foreign policy, characterized by a preference for informal channels like social media to the detriment of traditional diplomatic avenues, further aggravates international uncertainty. This pattern is not merely stylistic; it represents a profound rupture with the principles of institutional liberalism and with the US diplomatic tradition itself.

The so-called Donroe Doctrine, established with the reappointment of Donald Trump to the U.S. presidency in 2024, set aside a posture based on caution and a certain distance from the internal politics of the countries of the Latin American region and began to act based on the so-called principle of exceptionalism, an element previously observed in U.S. foreign policy in the context of the Monroe Doctrine (formalized in 1823)

Donald Trump's visit to China marked a transition from open confrontation to managed competition, focusing on predictability and stability. Facing the global costs of tensions, both countries seek damage control. Xi Jinping proposed a "relationship of strategic stability," prioritizing cooperation within manageable limits. For Beijing, the goal is to institutionalize mechanisms to prevent escalations, securing economic growth and investment flows.

The 2026 relaunch of the Trans-Saharan Gas Pipeline (TSGP) is a major African geoeconomic milestone, akin to the AfCFTA. Once deemed unfeasible due to Sahel security issues, the project is now revived by a shifted strategic landscape: Europe's post-Ukraine war energy crisis, reshaped political balances in the Sahel, the rise of new regional powers, and intensifying global energy competition.

In recent years, since Vladimir Putin came to power in Russia, the distribution and control over energy flows have been used as powerful tools of foreign policy by the Kremlin. Through their use, Russia has become a key trading partner for the European Union, which, until the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict in 2022, was the main destination for exports of commodities such as natural gas and oil from Russia.